Background Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The disease used to be called Pneumocystis carini or PCP pneumonia. The infection typically affects immunocompromised systems. It is an extracellular fungal infection. Transmission seems to be through inhalation. …

CD54, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors and also known as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates important cell/cell interactions. CD54 is expressed on endothelial cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and…

Background Latent membrane protein 1 acts as a CD40 functional homolog to prevent apoptosis of infected B-lymphocytes and drive their proliferation. It functions as a constitutively active tumor necrosis factor receptor that induces the activation of several signaling pathways, including those…

CD86, also known as B7-2, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors. It is expressed at high levels on resting peripheral monocytes and dendritic cells and at very low density on resting B and T lymphocytes. CD86 expression is…

The product is specific for human CD8.

Ly-6C is a member of the Ly-6 multigene family of type V glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface proteins. It is expressed on bone marrow cells, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and T-cell subsets. Mice with the Ly-6.2 allotype (e.g., AKR, C57BL, C57BR, C57L, DBA/2,…

The CD117 (c-Kit) antigen is the cell-surface receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). Together these molecules constitute a ligand/receptor pair which functions to maintain normal hematopoiesis in the adult. Signaling through SCF/c-Kit has an important role in stimulating myeloid and erythroid…

CD90 (Thy-1), a GPI-anchored molecule and one of the smallest members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors, consists of a single V-set domain. It is expressed on thymocytes, peripheral T lymphocytes, some intraepithelial T lymphocytes, and neurons of all mouse strains. The…

The lymphocyte Peyer's patch adhesion molecule (LPAM-1), also known as integrin a4ß7, is a member of the integrin family of cell surface receptors. It is expressed primarily on mucosal lymphocytes but is also present on NK cells and eosinophils. The a4ß7 heterodimer mediates the binding of…

CD19 is a monomeric transmembrane glycoprotein expressed at relatively constant levels throughout B cell development from early pro-B/pre-B cells (i.e. B220+/CD43+/HSA+) through fully differentiated B cell stages. Terminally differentiated plasma cells do not express CD19. In humans, the CD19…

The product is specific for human CD28.

CD54, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors and also known as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates important cell/cell interactions. CD54 is expressed on endothelial cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and…

Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have identified 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) as a key factor in the regulation of gene expression, with substantial implications in the study of tissue differentiation, neurological development, and carcinogenesis. Studies of this epigenetic marker are…

Murine CD38, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, is a bifunctional ectoenzyme capable of catabolizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), and then hydrolyzing cADPR to adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR). It is expressed at high levels on the surface of peripheral…

Ly-6G/Ly-6C, formerly known as the myeloid differentiation antigen Gr-1, is a GPI-anchored protein. In the bone marrow, the level of antigen expression is directly correlated with granulocyte differentiation and maturation. It is also transiently expressed on monocytes in the bone marrow. In the…

The product is specific for human CD4.

CD45RB represents an exon B-dependent form of CD45 glycoprotein. It is expressed at high density on peripheral B cells, the suppressor/cytotoxic subpopulation of T lymphocytes, a subset of helper T cells, most thymocytes, and at low density on macrophages and dendritic cells.

The CD117 (c-Kit) antigen is the cell-surface receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). Together these molecules constitute a ligand/receptor pair which functions to maintain normal hematopoiesis in the adult. Signaling through SCF/c-Kit has an important role in stimulating myeloid and erythroid…

The CD23 antigen is the low affinity IgE Fc receptor, which is a 45-49 kDa protein with 38 and 28 kDa fragments. It is expressed on most mature, conventional B cells (but not on peritoneal CD5+ B cells) and can also be found on the surface of T cells, macrophages and platelets. It is distinct from…

CD81, also known as TAPA-1, is an integral membrane protein expressed on a variety of cell types and has a high degree of sequence homology between human and mouse. CD81 is expressed on thymic stromal cells where it plays an important role in the transition of ?d+ T cells to more mature T cells…

The monoclonal antibody DX5 reacts with CD49b, also known as very late antigen-2 (VLA-2) and a2 integrin. The antibody stains the majority of NK cells and a small subpopulation of T cells in all mouse strains tested (e.g., A/J, AKR, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6, C57BL/10, C57BR, C58, CBA/Ca, CBA/J,…

CD22, also known as Lyb-8, is a heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of a structurally related group of immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily domain-containing proteins called the sialoadhesin family. It is detected in the cytoplasm early in B cell development (late pro-B cell stage),…

CD45 is the common leukocyte antigen and is expressed on all cells of hematopoietic origin except erythrocytes. CD45 exists as a number of different isoforms which result from alternative RNA splicing of exons 4, 5 and 6. The I3/2.3 monoclonal antibody recognizes a framework epitope present on all…

CD19 is a monomeric transmembrane glycoprotein expressed at relatively constant levels throughout B cell development from early pro-B/pre-B cells (i.e. B220+/CD43+/HSA+) through fully differentiated B cell stages. Terminally differentiated plasma cells do not express CD19. In humans, the CD19…

The product is specific for human CD3.

CD28 is a type I disulfide-linked homodimer that is constitutively expressed on most thymocytes, at low density on nearly all CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T lymphocytes and at very low levels on NK cells. Its expression is upregulated upon T-cell activation. CD28 is a ligand for CD80 (B7-1) and CD86…

The CD45 antigen is an essential regulator of leukocyte activation and development and is now known to be a protein tyrosine phosphatase, e.g., CD45 is able to dephosporylate the Src family of protein kinases. This activity is known to be required for signal transduction induced by T and B cell…

The CD117 (c-Kit) antigen is the cell-surface receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). Together these molecules constitute a ligand/receptor pair which functions to maintain normal hematopoiesis in the adult. Signaling through SCF/c-Kit has an important role in stimulating myeloid and erythroid…

CD18 represents the common ß2 integrin subunit that associates non-covalently with the a/ß chains of CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c to form various integrin heterodimers. It is expressed strongly on lymphocytes and monocytes and weakly on granulocytes. CD18 mediates a variety of heterotypic and homotypic…

CD24, also known as heat stable antigen, is a phosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed at all stages of B cell development and on most thymocytes. The absence of expression from mature T cells is closely associated with their maturation from CD4+CD8+CD24+ thymocytes…

Murine CD72.1 (Lyb-2.1), a type II integral membrane glycoprotein and a member of the C-lectin family of cell surface receptors, is a differentiation antigen of B cells and is found in mouse strains expressing the Lyb-2.1 allotype. CD72.1 is the ligand of CD5 which is distributed on all T cells and…